Sometimes during the play of a hole you may have the ball in your hand for various reasons and it is Rule 14.1c that details when you are not permitted to clean it. Be warned – cleaning it when you are not allowed to do so will result in a penalty!
First though, it’s worth reiterating that you are always allowed to clean your golf ball:
1) When you’ve reached the safety of the putting green and are able to mark and lift it.
2) Between the play of two holes
3) Whenever you are taking free relief or a penalty drop.
However, you may have the ball in your hand for other reasons before you reach the green, and there are four specific scenarios where you need to be careful:
1) When lifting your ball under Rule 4.2c to determine if it is cracked or cut and therefore eligible for substitution during the play of a hole. If the ball proves not to be cracked or cut, you are not allowed to clean it before placing it back where it was and continuing play.
2) When lifting your ball to identify it under Rule 7.3. In this scenario, cleaning is allowed only to the extent necessary to be able to identify your ball. So you can clean away any mud perhaps covering your identification mark, but no further cleaning is permitted before placing the ball back where it was and continuing play.
3) When your ball is interfering with play for another player, who requests you to lift it (e.g. on their line on the fringe and they want to putt or when it is too close to their ball for their next stroke). You are not allowed to clean your ball in this situation so you need to either hold it carefully or place it down somewhere carefully before then replacing it once the other player has played their shot.
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